在 ServiceModel 客户端配置部分中，找不到引用协定“TranslatorService.LanguageService”的默认终结点元素。这可能是因为未找到应用程序的配置文件，或者是因为客户端元素中找不到与此协定匹配的终结点元素。
Thanks to a new Web site made available today by the Department of Education, families can compare the various costs of particular colleges and universities, as well as the trends in that pricing, according to an article in The Times by my colleague Tamar Lewin.
As Ms. Lewin writes:
The new lists, required by the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008, show the institutions with the highest and lowest tuitions, the highest and lowest percentage tuition increases over the last two years, and the highest and lowest net price — that is, the actual price full-time students pay, including room and board, after financial aid like grants and scholarships are taken into account.
In each of several categories — public and private, for-profit and nonprofit, four-year and two-year — the most expensive institutions and those whose costs are rising most rapidly will be required to report to the Education Department why their costs are so high and what they plan to do about it.
Readers of The Choice who have already traveled down this road know that it can be perilous, and at times maddening, to try to weigh the tuition, board and other fees of one institution against those of another.
So in that respect, it seems fair to ask how helpful this information — and there is quite a bit of it — will be for families.
In an e-mail exchange this morning, not long after the lists went live online, Ms. Lewin explained to me:
The lists are an attempt to embarrass colleges into keeping their prices down. Even though there are no penalties for having unusually high tuition — beyond having to report why it’s so high, and how it’s going to be addressed — no institution wants to be singled out for high tuition.
Ms. Lewin went on to provide some examples that should give users pause, at least in terms of reading too much into the various rankings:
The colleges that top the list — the ones like Bates that use a comprehensive fee instead of breaking it down by tuition and room and board — may want to change their approach, so they won’t show up as the highest-priced, when there are plenty of other schools, like Sarah Lawrence, whose tuition is actually higher.
A lot of art schools, with their expensive facilities and low teacher/student ratios, show up among the most expensive — and a lot of religious colleges are among the lower-priced.
Even though these lists are being provided by the government — and not a publication like U.S. News and World Report — they would still seem ripe for manipulation by the colleges themselves. Ms. Lewin has already identified some areas for potential abuse:
Colleges may try to game the net-price rankings. Because they include only first-time full-time freshmen who get some aid, colleges will look better if they give a lot of aid to a few students than if they spread it more widely. And if they target their aid to freshmen, and taper it off in the later years, that will help them rise in the rankings, too.
Ms. Lewin ended her e-mail to me with a final “caution to users.” She wrote:
The numbers on the lists are a few years behind, and, with the economic downturn, the 2009 tuition reported may be quite different from next year’s tuition. And the comparisons of 2006 tuition to 2008 tuition, which were used to figure how fast the price is going up, are even more out of date.
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